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6756 listings found. Showing results 1 to 80
Tang Dynasty Changsha Bowl from the Belitung Wreck.

A beautiful Tang dynasty sancai glazed bowl made in Tongguan county, Changsha city, Hunan province of China mainly for export. Recovered from the Belitung shipwreck. This...

$1600 / ≈ €1378
Maker: Cup from the Belitung Wreck.
Date: China, Hunan province, 826

 


Illuminated leaf from a Psalter.

Very fine 20 lines illuminated leaf from a liturgical Psalter in Latin with the reading from the Vulgate Bible. Lines in a slightly irregular gothic hand, black ink, plum...

$15000 / ≈ €12915
Maker: [ANONYMOUS].
Date: Flanders, Rhineland, or possibly England, c. 1280

 


Illuminated leaf from a liturgical Psalter with miniature of King David.

Very fine illuminated leaf from a liturgical Psalter in Latin with the reading from the Vulgate Bible. Lines in a slightly irregular gothic hand, black ink, plummet rulin...

$5500 / ≈ €4735
Maker: ANONYMOUS
Date: Flanders, Rhineland, or possibly England, c. 1280

 


Manuscript leaf from a very early [around 1300] Breviary.

Both sides are illuminated with striking initials extending with elaborate pen work into the margin.RECTO: One two-line initial in blue and red with contrasting penwork, ...

$200 / ≈ €172
Maker: BREVIARY
Date: Northern France or Flanders, ca. 1300

 


Manuscript leaf from a very early [around 1300] Breviary.

Both sides are illuminated with striking initials extending with elaborate pen work into the margin.RECTO: One two-line initial in blue and red with contrasting penwork, ...

$200 / ≈ €172
Maker: BREVIARY
Date: Northern France or Flanders, ca. 1300

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besancon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black: numerous pen-flourishe...

$1500 / ≈ €1291
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Besançon, 1370

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besançon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black: numerous pen-flourish...

$1750 / ≈ €1507
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: France, Besançon, 1370

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besançon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black: numerous pen-flourish...

$2000 / ≈ €1722
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Besançon, 1370

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besançon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black: numerous pen-flourish...

$1100 / ≈ €947
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Besaçon, 1370

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besançon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black: numerous pen-flourish...

$1500 / ≈ €1291
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: France, 1370

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besançon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black: numerous pen-flourish...

$2200 / ≈ €1894
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Besançon, 1370

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besançon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black: numerous pen-flourish...

$1800 / ≈ €1550
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: France, 1370

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besancon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black: numerous pen-flourishe...

$1500 / ≈ €1291
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: France, 1370

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besançon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black: numerous pen-flourish...

$1750 / ≈ €1507
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Besançon, 1370

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A more than 600 years old antiphonary leaf, written in Besançon, in 1370. Musical notation on 4 bars, the staves are in red and the notes in black, numerous pen-flourish...

$1500 / ≈ €1291
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Besançon, 1370

 


Manuscript leaf on vellum from a Dutch Book of Hours.

VERSO: Two 2-line capitals in burnished gold with extensive penwork in blue and red. Two 1-line capitals in red, blue or burnished gold with extensive penwork.RECTP: One ...

$300 / ≈ €258
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Utrecht, c.1400-1410

 


Leaf on vellum from a Missal.

A very fine Missal leaf, written in Latin. RECTO: A wonderful initial P decorated with pen work in red, purple and blue. The initial is 6x6cm. VERSO: 18 lines written in ...

$2250 / ≈ €1937
Maker: MISSAL.
Date: France, c. 1410

 


Leaf on vellum from a Missal.

A very fine large size Missal leaf, written in Latin. VERSO: Two wonderful 2-lines initials and in liquid gold decorated with pen work in purple and blue. One 1-line init...

$800 / ≈ €689
Maker: MISSAL.
Date: France, c. 1410

 


A manuscript leaf from a Book of Hours. (Calendar month of March)

RECTO : Calendar month of March with a 2-line initial in liquid gold on colored ground. colorful panel border in the left margin of acanthus leaves and flowers, with blac...

$350 / ≈ €301
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Paris, ca. 1450

 


A manuscript leaf from a Book of Hours. (Calendar month of August)

RECTO : Calendar month of August with a 2-line initial in liquid gold on colored ground. colorful panel border in the left margin of acanthus leaves and flowers, with bla...

$450 / ≈ €387
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Paris, ca. 1450

 


Manuscript leaf, on vellum from a book of hours.

The flesh side of the vellum has 1 large 2-line initials illuminated initials "I" in blue and red with white heightening, on a very heavily burnished gold groun...

$450 / ≈ €387
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Paris, 1450

 


Manuscript leaf on vellum from a Dutch Book of Hours.

RECTO: Two 1-line capitals in red, blue or burnished gold with extensive penworkVERSO: One 1-line capitals in red, blue or burnished gold with extensive penwork.

$150 / ≈ €129
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Flanders ca.1450

 


Manuscript leaf on vellum from a Dutch Book of Hours.

VERSO: One 1-line capitals in red, blue or burnished gold with extensive penwork.

$150 / ≈ €129
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Flanders ca.1450

 


Page from a 15th. century Book of Hours.

13 lines of text, written dark-brown ink, in a clear gothic book hand with several 1-line initials in blue with red pen work into the margins some initials in burnished g...

$175 / ≈ €151
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Paris, ca. 1450

 


Manuscript leaf, on vellum from a book of hours.

This vellum leaf has on each side a large 2-line initial illuminated in blue and red with white heightening, on a very heavily burnished gold ground. Illuminated borders...

$300 / ≈ €258
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Paris, 1450

 


Manuscript leaf, on vellum from a book of hours.

The flesh side of the vellum has 4 large 1-line initial illuminated initials in blue and red with white heightening, on a very heavily burnished gold ground. 1 side illum...

$350 / ≈ €301
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Paris, 1450

 


Leaf on vellum from a manuscript Book of Hours.

RECTO: Panel border of acanthus leaves and flowers on a partly liquid gold and dark red ground, one 2-line initial and one 1-line initial in liquid gold on colored ground...

$450 / ≈ €387
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: France, c.1450

 


Manuscript leaf on vellum from a Dutch Book of Hours.

RECTO: One 1-line capitals in red, blue or burnished gold with extensive penworkVERSO: One 1-line capitals in red, blue or burnished gold with extensive penwork.

$250 / ≈ €215
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Flanders ca.1450

 


Leaf from a manuscript Psalter, written on vellum.

RECTO: 14 lines of text. One 2-line in burnished gold and colors and six 1-line initials in gold and colors, two line-fillers.VERSO: As recto but three 1-line initials an...

$200 / ≈ €172
Maker: PSALTER
Date: Paris, c.1450

 


Manuscript leaf with 2-line illuminated capital L.

Fine leaf from a Book of Hours, Psalm 148 Veni Creator Spiritus, mentes tuorum visita imple superna gratia quae tu creasti pectora .. RECTO: One 3-line illuminated capita...

$1500 / ≈ €1291
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Brugge, ca 1460

 


Manuscript leaf on vellum from a Dutch Book of Hours.

A leaf from a medieval manuscript Book of Hours, written in Utrecht.Fourteen lines of monastic Textura script with 4 one-line initials in liquid gold or blue ink with ext...

$380 / ≈ €327
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Utrecht, ca.1450 - 1460

 


Manuscript leaf on vellum from a Dutch Book of Hours.

A leaf from a medieval manuscript Book of Hours, written in Utrecht.Fourteen lines of monastic Textura script with 4 two-line initial "I" in liquid gold on a bl...

$250 / ≈ €215
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Utrecht, ca.1450 - 1460

 


Leaf on vellum from a manuscript Book of Hours.

14 Lines of text in Latin and three 1-line initials in blue on colored grounds.RECTO: 14 Lines of text in Latin and three 1-line initials in blue on colored grounds with ...

$100 / ≈ €86
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: France, ca.1470

 


Leaf on vellum from a manuscript Book of Hours.

Leaf from a mid 15 th. century manuscript Book of Hours. Written on vellum in neat Gothic book hand.VERSO: 17 lines of text, with 2-line capital in red and blue, heighten...

$200 / ≈ €172
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: France ca.1470

 


Leaf on vellum from a manuscript Book of Hours.

Leaf from a mid 15 th. century manuscript Book of Hours. Written on vellum in neat Gothic book hand.RECTO: 17 lines of text, with 2-line capital in red and blue, heighten...

$200 / ≈ €172
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: France ca.1470

 


Leaf on vellum from a manuscript Book of Hours.

Leaf from a mid 15 th. century manuscript Book of Hours. Written on vellum in neat Gothic book hand.VERSO: 17 lines of text, with 2-line capital in red and blue, heighten...

$200 / ≈ €172
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: France ca.1470

 


Leaf on vellum from a manuscript Book of Hours.

Charming small manuscript leaf from an French Book of Hours written around 1470 in or near Rouen.VERSO: 14 Lines of text in Latin five 1-lines initial in liquid gold on b...

$150 / ≈ €129
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: France, ca.1470

 


Manuscript leaf from a Book of Hours on vellum.

RECTO: with two 2-line capitals on red ground in blue, white and liquid gold. Beautifully illuminated with border panels cover three sides with floral designs of acanthus...

$1750 / ≈ €1507
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: France, c. 1475

 


[Lot of 7 pages from a German Bible printed in 1477

These incunabula page are from the 7th German Bible printed by Günther Zainer in Augsburg in 1477.

$200 / ≈ €172
Maker: ZAINER, G.
Date: Augsburg, 1477

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A large vellum antiphonary leaf, written in Latin , probably Rome. RECTO: A wonderful initial "Q",, decorated with penwork in red, white and blue, in rich burni...

$700 / ≈ €603
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Italy, 1480

 


Leaf on vellum from a manuscript Book of Hours.

RECTO: Panel border of acanthus leaves and flowers on a partly liquid gold and dark red ground, height 1-line initial in liquid gold on colored grounds and three line fil...

$300 / ≈ €258
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS.
Date: France, ca. 1420-1480

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A very fine antiphonary leaf, written in Latin , probably Rome. RECTO: The staves are in red and the notes in black. VERSO: The staves are in red and the notes in black. ...

$750 / ≈ €646
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Italy, 1480

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A very fine antiphonary leaf, written in Latin, probably Rome. RECTO: A wonderful initial "I" decorated with penwork in red, white and blue, in rich burnished g...

$1000 / ≈ €861
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Italy, 1480

 


A leaf from a breviary.

Two large 2-line initials in red and or blue for the start of the new chapter.Nice clean leaves, with ample margins, from a breviary, end of the 15th. century.

$100 / ≈ €86
Maker: BREVIER
Date: Northern Netherlands ?, ca. 1480

 


A leaf from a breviary.

Two large 2-line initials in red and or blue for the start of the new chapter.Nice clean leaves, with ample margins, from a breviary, end of the 15th. century.

$100 / ≈ €86
Maker: BREVIER
Date: Northern Netherlands ?, ca. 1480

 


A leaf from a breviary.

Two large 2-line initials in red and or blue for the start of the new chapter.Nice clean leaves, with ample margins, from a breviary, end of the 15th. century.

$100 / ≈ €86
Maker: BREVIER
Date: Northern Netherlands ?, ca. 1480

 


A leaf from a breviary.

Two large 2-line initials in red and or blue for the start of the new chapter.Nice clean leaves, with ample margins, from a breviary, end of the 15th. century.

$100 / ≈ €86
Maker: BREVIER
Date: Northern Netherlands ?, ca. 1480

 


A leaf from a breviary.

Two large 2-line initials in red and or blue for the start of the new chapter.Nice clean leaves, with ample margins, from a breviary, end of the 15th. century.

$100 / ≈ €86
Maker: BREVIER
Date: Northern Netherlands ?, ca. 1480

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A very fine antiphonary leaf, written in Latin , probably Rome. RECTO: A wonderful initial ,O, decorated with pen work in red, white and blue, in rich burnished gold.VERS...

$600 / ≈ €517
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Italy, 1480

 


Leaf of vellum, with large miniature of Marry and Christ.

RECTO: Large miniature of Marry and Christ and one 1-line initials in burnished gold, on red ground and line-filler on blue ground. Three-sided illuminated borders of pen...

$2200 / ≈ €1894
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: France, c.1480

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A very fine antiphonary leaf, written in Latin , probably Rome. RECTO: The staves are in red and the notes in black.VERSO: Tw wonderful initial ,A and O, decorated with p...

$800 / ≈ €689
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Italy, 1480

 


Leaf on vellum from an antiphonary.

A very fine antiphonary leaf, written in Latin, probably Rome. RECTO: The staves are in red and the notes are in black.VERSO: The staves are in red and the notes are in b...

$750 / ≈ €646
Maker: ANTIPHONARIUM
Date: Italy, 1480

 


Leaf on vellum from a manuscript Brevier.

RECTO: One 3-line illuminated initial in burnished gold on colored grounds. Panel border of acanthus leaves, flowers and birds on a partly liquid gold and dark red ground...

$1200 / ≈ €1033
Maker: BREVIER
Date: Tours, c.1485

 


Page from a printed bible with wood block print of St. Anthony the Abbot defeated the devil.

This early leaf consists of text printed in gothic letter in two columns, illustrated with a hand-colored woodcut engraving of St. Anthony the Abbot defeated the devil. A...

$150 / ≈ €129
Maker: KOBERGER, A.
Date: Nuremberg 1483-1488

 


Page from a printed bible with wood block print of St. Gregorius.

This early leaf consists of text printed in gothic letter in two columns, illustrated with a hand-colored woodcut engraving of St. Gregorius. An original leaf from the 14...

$150 / ≈ €129
Maker: KOBERGER, A.
Date: Nuremberg 1483-1488

 


La tierce aage. Feuillet ix rr.

Incunable text pages from "La Mer des Hystoires" published in 1488 by Pierre Le Rouge in Paris. "La Mer des Hystoires" is a translation into French of...

$50 / ≈ €43
Maker: LA MER DES HISTOIRES
Date: Paris, Pierre Le rouge, 1488

 


Page from a printed bible with wood block print of Anthony the Abbot defeated the devil.

This early leaf consists of text printed in gothic letter in two columns, illustrated with a hand-colored woodcut engraving of St. Anthony the Abbot defeated the devil. A...

$150 / ≈ €129
Maker: KOBERGER, A.
Date: Nuremberg 1483-1488

 


A manuscript leaf from a Book of Hours.

RECTO: One 2-line and eight 1-line initials in liquid gold on colored grounds and five line-fillers. colorful panel border in he right margin of acanthus leaves and flowe...

$500 / ≈ €430
Maker: BOOK OF HOURS
Date: Italy, ca. 1490

 


Sexta Etas Mudi. Lucas Evagelista. Folium CVIII.

A very nice presentation of Lucas the Evangelist (100x80mm.) and the representation of Maria Magdalena held by angels 210x135mm.).VERSO : Showing the line of the popes Cl...

$100 / ≈ €86
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Carthage, etc. [Foliu XL ]

VERSO: Portraits of scholars, and an imaginary view on Carthage in Tunisia (12x17cm.) Page from the famous Liber chronicarum of Hartmann-Schedel 1493, the first and Latin...

$100 / ≈ €86
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg 12 July 1493

 


Prima Etas Mundi. IX

A very fine presentation of Eve nursing Kain and Abel. Adam is working (255x220 cm). VERSO a genealogy of Adam.Page from the richest illustrated Incunabel, the famous: Li...

$600 / ≈ €517
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


PATAVIA (Passau, Germ)

From the first Latin text edition, 1493.  The view of PATAVIA (nowadays the city of Passau, Southern Germany) was part of the Liber Chronicarum cum figuris et ymagibus ...

$900 / ≈ €775
Maker: SCHEDEL, HARTMANN
Date: Nuremberg, Germany, 1493

 


Text page with Kings, Queens, Saints and Popes. Sexta Etas Mundi. Folium. CXVI.

Recto verso text page with woodcuts of Kings, Queens, Saints (St.Cecilia), Popes and historical personalities.  Page from the richest illustrated Incunable, the famous ...

$120 / ≈ €103
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


[The creation of the world - First day]

Attractive page from the Nuremberg Chronicle, showing the creation of the world: the First Day, showing the celestial choir (God\'s creation of the angels) surrounding th...

$1200 / ≈ €1033
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


(EUROPE).

The map of Europe has been identified as the work of Hieronimus Münzer (1437-1508), a Nuremberg physician who supplied the geographical contents of the chronicle. The Eu...

$7500 / ≈ €6457
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 1493

 


Sexta Etas Mundi. Bressla. [Breslau or Wrocław] CCXXXIIII.

A very fine presentation of the city of Bresslau / Wrocław (230 x 520mm.), in Poland, centered on the cathedral (Dim. : 232 mm W : 520 mm).Overleaf, the kings Wenceslaw ...

$1400 / ≈ €1205
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Prima Etas Mundi. VI

A very fine presentation of Eve, being created by God from Adam’s side.Page from the richest illustrated Incunable, the famous: Nuremberg Chronicle, published the year ...

$400 / ≈ €344
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Quarta Etas Mndi. Carvilium / Aquileya. [Carovilli and Aquileia]

A lovely presentation of Carovilli, in the province of Cremona. Recto, a view of the town of Aquileya in Italy, centered on the castle and the high walls. Aquileia is an ...

$300 / ≈ €258
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Sexta Etas Mundi. Folium. CXXXII

Latin text page with woodcuts on recto and verso of Saints, Kings, and Queens. Page from the richest illustrated Incunable, the famous: Nuremberg Chronicle, published the...

$80 / ≈ €69
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Secunda etas mundi. Folium XIII.

Schedel's world map was based on the cartographic system of Claudius Ptolemy, the great second-century AD geographer whose scholarship formed the foundation for map produ...

$25000 / ≈ €21525
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Sexta Etas Mundi. Constancia. [Constance CCXLI ]

A very fine town view of Constance, in Germany, centered on the cathedral (198 x 520 mm).VERSO, seven insets of scientists, noblemen and Popes.Page from the richest illus...

$1250 / ≈ €1076
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


(EUROPE).

A woodcut colored map of northern and central Europe. The first modern map of the area. Second printed map of the North, after the woodcut map published in the 'Ulm' Ptol...

$5000 / ≈ €4305
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 1493

 


Madeburga [ Maagdenburg Folio CLXXX ]

Double-page panoramic view of Magdeburg. A imaginary view, however the earliest obtainable view of this period.Two page from the richest illustrated Incunable, the famous...

$1000 / ≈ €861
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Ulma Folio CXCI [With view of Ulm.]

Double-page panoramic view of Ulm.An imaginary view, however, is the earliest obtainable view of this period.Two pages from the richest illustrated Incunabel, the famou...

$2000 / ≈ €1722
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Parisius & Maguncia. [Paris & Munich] Folio XXXIX

Imaginary view of Paris and on verso Munich : however the earliest obtainable views of this period.In the forground a large vessel, who was the symbol of the powerful cor...

$900 / ≈ €775
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Venecie. [Venice] Foliu XLIIII

A very fine of Venice (192x525mm.) Verso a view of Padua. Schedel's view of Venice is one of the earliest obtainable views of the city. The view is based on the view of ...

$3500 / ≈ €3013
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Basilae [ Basle, CCXLIIII ]

A very fine view of Basle (253x520 cm). Verso showing the councils of Florence and Basle and two portraits.Page from the richest illustrated Incunabel, the famous: Nuremb...

$1700 / ≈ €1464
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Sexta etas Mundi. Folium. CCXLV

The Latin text page is illustrated with a depiction of two lovers happened to have lived in Italy: a knight named Eurialus, who was the personal attendant of Emperor Sigi...

$75 / ≈ €65
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Madeburga [ Maagdenburg Folio CLXXX ]

Double page panoramic view of Magdeburg. A imaginary view, however the earliest obtainable view of this period.Two page from the richest illustrated Incunable, the famous...

$2000 / ≈ €1722
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493

 


Terta Etas Mundi. Folio CCXVI

Two pages from the richest illustrated Incurable, the famous: Nuremberg Chronicle , published the year that Columbus returned to Europe after discovering America.The wood...

$100 / ≈ €86
Maker: SCHEDEL, H.
Date: Nuremberg, 12 July 1493