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1681 VAN KEULEN, J. - Nieuwe Paskaert, van de Kust van Genehoa als Mede een Gedeelte van Gambia, Beginnende an C. Blanco tot C. Verde…
Nieuwe Paskaert, van de Kust van Genehoa als Mede een Gedeelte van Gambia, Beginnende an C. Blanco tot C. Verde… |
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Description
This sea chart covers the western coast of Africa from Cape Blanco (Ras Nouadhibou) to Cape Verde. The chart depicts the interior course of both the Gambia and Casamance rivers and identifies banks, shoals, and soundings. East is oriented to the top. The sea is filled with, two compass roses, large sailing ship. The title is placed in a large cartouche featuring trade between a European merchant and a native.
Dare to go in Black. All early maps were printed in black and white, and many were kept that way for a long time. A black and white map in an early and strong impression is a rarity nowadays, being so many examples recently colored up!
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Johannes Van Keulen
The van Keulen family operated a chart-making and publishing firm in Amsterdam for nearly 200 years. Johannes van Keulen founded it and registered his business as a "bookseller and cross-staff maker." Under his management, he began the Nieuwe Lichtende Zee-Faakel (New Shining Sea Torch) in 1681. It expanded to five volumes, then finally to six, adding material from the secret files of the East India Company.
In 1693, van Keulen acquired Hendrik Doncker's stock. In 1678, Johannes registered with the Amsterdam Booksellers Guild as a "bookseller and Cross-staff maker."
By this time, most Amsterdam chart makers and instrument makers, like Blaeu, Janssonius, Hondius, Goos, and Doncker, had either closed down or were past their prime. As a result, Johannes van Keulen could obtain copperplates, privileges, and stocks from many of his former competitors. Besides manuals and cross-staffs, Johannes produced his famed "ZeeAtlas" (Sea Atlas, 5 volumes), and "ZeeFakkel" (Sea pilot book, 5 volumes). ZeeFakkel was produced in numerous languages, including English, French, Italian, and Spanish. Gerard van Keulen, son of Johannes, born in 1678, took over from his father in 1714 and continued to expand the flourishing firm. Gerard produced hundreds of manuscript charts, now held in several European collections.
In 1726, Johannes van Keulen, Gerard's son, took over the business.
In 1743, Johannes was appointed "Official Chartmaker of the Dutch East Indies Company". The title appears to be nothing more than a formality, however, since the firm had supplied charts to the East Indies Company for many years, and the van Keulen family of Amsterdam had an interest in the East Indies Company. Still, van Keulen Chartmakers held the official title until the East Indies Company was dissolved in 1799. In 1753, Johannes finished his grandfather's work by publishing the sixth volume of "ZeeFakkel". This volume contained the previously kept 'secret' cartography of the East India Archipelago collected and used by the V.O.C. (THE DUTCH EAST INDIA COMPANY).
Jan de Marre, the examiner of the Amsterdam Chamber of the East India Company, provided van Keulen with the data for the ZeeFakkel's sixth volume, and de Marre is also believed to have influenced the van Keulen chart makers' decision to start producing the newly invented Hadley’s Octants in 1744. The company distributed these maps only internally and never sold them. Merchants had to return the maps after each journey to keep trade routes secret. Until van Keulen II printed the Atlas in 1753, the Dutch East India Company used costly, error-prone manuscript versions. Johannes II became the Dutch East India Company's official mapmaker in 1743, a title his family held until the company's dissolution in 1799.
After Johannes van Keulen's death (1770), his widow and their two sons, Cornellis Buys and Gerard Hulst van Keulen, ran the company. By then, they also owned an anchor factory, which they managed separately. In 1778, after brother Cornellis's death, Gerard Hulst van Keulen took leadership of the chart-making firm and added sextants to their inventory for sale. Gerard was one of the three original members of the "Dutch Commission for Longitude at Sea", installed by the Dutch Admiralty in 1787. In 1788, Gerard van Keulen published the first "Dutch Nautical Almanac", an annual publication that continued until 1885. When Gerard Hulst van Keulen died in 1801, his widow ran the firm until her death in 1810, when Johannes Hulst van Keulen became the last van Keulen to run it. In 1823, Jacob Swart entered the van Keulen firm's service, and in 1844, with the death of Johannes Hulst van Keulen, head of the van Keulen Chartmakers, the headship passed to Jacob Swart. When Jacob died in 1866, his son, Jacob Swart, Jr., succeeded him.
Under Jacob Jr’s reign, the firm lost all of its standing in the Nautical world, and the possessions of the firm were sold at auction in 1885, bringing 200 years of "DeGekroonde Lootsman" to an end.
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We offer many maps in their original black and white condition. We do not systematically color-up maps to make them more sellable to the general public or buyer.
Copper engraved or wood block maps are always hand colored. Maps were initially colored for aesthetic reasons and to improve readability. Nowadays, it is becoming a challenge to find maps in their original colors and are therefor more valuable.
We use the following color keys in our catalog:
Original colors; mean that the colors have been applied around the time the map was issued.
Colored; If the colors are applied recently or at the end of the 20th century, then "colored", or "attractive colors" will be used.
Original o/l colors; means the map has only the borders colored at the time of publication.
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