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1661 CELLARIUS, A. - Hemisphaerii Borealis Coeli et Terrae Sphaeri Cascenographia.
Hemisphaerii Borealis Coeli et Terrae Sphaeri Cascenographia.
| Maker: | CELLARIUS, A. | |
| Date: | Amsterdam, 1661 | |
| Colored: | Colored. | |
| Size: | 420 x 490 mm / 16.5 x 19.3 inches | |
| Condition: | Clean image, heightened in gold, attractive colors.Dark impression. | |
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Description
A finely executed celestial chart of the Northern Sky, illustrating the constellations of the Northern Hemisphere superimposed over the Pacific Ocean, first published by Andreas Cellarius in 1660.
The chart provides a fantastic image of the stars, as if seen from a deeper part of space, so that each of the constellations is facing in the opposite direction from the way they would be seen from Earth.Â
This projection reflects a theory that originated with Petrus Plancius, which posits that the stars remained in a sphere-like configuration above the Earth, moving in coordination with it. This theory is found in the title of his atlas, Harmonia Macrocosmica.Â
The celestial hemisphere is surrounded by an allegorical scene showing the most modern devices for astronomical observations in the lower corners
As noted by Kanas, the constellations are shown "in an external orientation between the north and south celestial poles . . . and the vernal equinox . . . .[based on] the work of Petrus Plancius.
Andreas Cellarius (active from 1656-1702), Dutch mathematician and geographer, rector of the Latin School at Hoorn. He may have been of German or Polish origin, with the name of Keller or Kellner.
Cellarius adopted the system of Julius Schiller who renamed all constellations known at that time and sketched them again in order to fit the sky into a system of Christian symbolism.
In Cellarius' Atlas Coelestis Schiller's system has been elaborated further. In fact, Schiller became more widely known by Cellarius' atlas than by his own work. Schenk and Valk re-published the book and added their names on the plate.
Andreas Cellarius (c.1596-1665)
Cellarius was a Dutch-German mathematician, astronomer and cosmographer, born about 1596 in Neuhausen (near Worms), who died in 1665. He was educated at the University of Heidelberg and emigrated to Holland in the early 17th century. In 1637 he moved to Hoorn, where he became rector (headmaster) of the Latin School, and there he wrote the Harmonia Macrocosmica and his other scholarly works, including one on designing impregnable fortifications and one on Poland. Little is known of his life, and until recently almost nothing. In 2008 the minor planet 12618 Cellarius was named after him.He is well known for his Harmonia Macrocosmica seu Atlas Universalis et Novus, Totius Universi Creati Cosmographiam Generalem, et Novam Exhibens.
Cellarius began work on the charts in 1647, as a historical introduction to a two-volume treatise on cosmography. Only this first part was ever realized. It was published in 1660 (and 1661) by the Amsterdam publisher Johannes Janssonius (1588–1664) as a cosmographical supplement to his Atlas Novus.
The atlas has 29 double-folio engravings, a compendium of theories of the universe as of the late 17th century. It shows the old geocentric universe of Ptolemy, the heliocentric system of Copernicus, and Tycho Brahe’s hybrid, as well as the motions of the planets, the constellations of the northern and southern skies, and the phases of the Moon. The margins are decorated in the Baroque manner with cherubs, astronomers and classically dressed women holding scientific instruments among the clouds. It is the only celestial atlas published in the Netherlands in the golden age of Dutch cartography.
The atlas was leter republished by Schenk and Valk.
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