1607 BARENTSZ, W. - Sea-chart of Catalunia, Languedoc, Provence, Côte d'Azur, Riviera, Corsica with Marseille, Cannes, Nice and Monaco.
(Sea-chart of Catalunia, Languedoc, Provence, Cote d'Azur, Riviera, Corsica with Marseille, Cannes, Nice, Monaco.)
| Maker: | BARENTSZ, W. | |
| Date: | Amsterdam, 1607 | |
| Colored: | Uncolored. | |
| Size: | 335 x 525 mm / 13.2 x 20.7 inches | |
| Condition: | A strong impression, right and left sides re-margined without loss of printed area, otherwise in excellent condition. Chart has been cleaned. | |
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Description
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Willem Barentsz (1560-1597)
Willem Barentsz was a famous pilot, discoverer and cartographer. Born around 1550 on the island of Terschelling, in the northern Netherlands. Almost nothing is documented about his childhood and training. He became a pilot and navigator and, by the 1580s, worked from Amsterdam. He produced charts and pilot books and moved in the circle of the geographer and cleric Petrus Plancius, who promoted the idea of a northern route to Asia.In 1594, Barentsz sailed as pilot on the first Dutch expedition seeking a Northeast Passage. He followed the western coast of Nova Zembla north to its tip, while another ship of the expedition tried the southern route through the Kara Strait. A large fleet of seven ships sailed in 1595, aiming to trade with China. Ice in the Kara Sea defeated it, and it returned without success. Two ships sailed, with Barentsz as chief pilot under Jacob van Heemskerck. En route, they found Bear Island and the island group of Spitsbergen. The ships then separated, and Heemskerck’s ship went on to Nova Zembla.
In August 1596, the ship was trapped in ice off Nova Zembla's northeast coast. The 16 crewmen built a lodge from driftwood and wreckage, the Behouden Huys (“Safe House”), and survived the polar winter against extreme cold, hunger and polar bears. In June 1597, they set out in two open boats. Barentsz died on 20 June 1597, weakened by the ordeal, and was buried at sea or on the ice. The survivors reached the Kola Peninsula and were picked up by Dutch ships, arriving back in Amsterdam late in 1597.
He was the author of 'Nieuwe Beschryvinghe ende caertboeck van de Midlantsche Zee', the first printed pilot-guide of the Mediterranean.
It is considered the supplement of Waghenaer's 'Spieghel der Zeevaerdt' for the Mediterranean waters.
Other works are:
- Nieuwe beschrijvinge ende caertboeck van de Midlandtsche zee was published in Amsterdam by Cornelis Claesz.
- It is among the earliest Dutch printed pilot guides and chart books for the Mediterranean, and it came out just as Dutch merchants were pushing into Levantine trade.
- The Van Doetecum family (Baptista and Joannes) engraved the charts, and their work sits at the heart of 1590s Dutch engraving.
- Copies are very scarce.
Arctic charts (1594-1597)
- Barentsz sailed on three Arctic expeditions in search of a Northeast Passage. The third ended with the wintering on Nova Zembla, where he died on the return journey in 1597.
- His Arctic charting is mostly known through Gerrit de Veer’s Waerachtige beschryvinghe (Amsterdam, 1598), which includes the engraved chart of Nova Zembla and the surrounding seas, along with the famous views of the wintering.
- Plancius’s cartography and Barentsz’s pilot observations are closely intertwined in these maps, so attributions vary between sources.
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