Composite atlas of the Low Countries. |
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$100000 / ≈ €93572
$100000
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Description
Galle first published a map of Central Netherlands in two sheets for which he used the copperplates of the wall map of the Seventeen Provinces of 1605, which had been purchased by the “Officina Plantiniana” after the death of Vrients in 1612.
Galle also had both the copper plates of Ortelius’s Theatrum and those of De Jode’s Speculum at his disposal; both sets had also been acquired by the “Officina Plantiniana” after the death of Vrients in 1612.
In the 1620s Galle added his name to 10 maps of the Ortelius copperplates. At publication of this atlas (ca. 1633) Galle preferred, with some exception, the copper plates of the Theatrum.
Separate maps bearing the imprint of Theodor Galle are scarce and composite atlases as this one are very rarely seen on the market or in institutions.
Gerritsz, Hessel. Nova XVII Provinciarum Germaniae Inferioris tabula, Leonis effigie, accurate delineata, amsterdam, 1622. Leo Belgicus by Hessel Gerritsz : the lion passant facing left. Only known copy of this third state of copperplate II. In a composite atlas, apparently put together by Theodor Galle. (Van der Heijden, Leo Belgicus, 16.3). The second state issued by David de Meyne (1569 - ca. 1620), came from the property of his colleague-publisher Cornelis Claesz., known to have worked together with Plancius, and quite several Plancius’ maps later issued by De Meyne, originally belonged to the list of Corn. Claesz.
2 - the lion symbolizes bravery and strength, dreaded by all
3 - the country yearns for peace, though. Fourteen years later, however, in 1622, when Broer Jansz. reprinted one of the copperplates, the situation had utterly changed. It became increasingly clear that the Northern Netherlands would win their battle for freedom, but with the diminishing of external threats, internal discord reared its head. The Twelve Years’ Truce was a period of strong internal antagonism.
The princes of orange wanted to reconquer the Southern Netherlands; the upper middle classes wished for peace so that commerce and prosperity could flourish. Religious dissension was involved in the conflict. Not so much the enemy but factional strife and intrigue beset the country.
The second epigram has three principal elements:
1 - This time the lion speaks for himself: “Leo loquitur”
2 - The lion’s limbs, the provinces, are truly strong
3 – but they should support each other, not fight. Being a true emblem, it serves to admonish and educate. There are two types of this Leo Belgicus : the 'lion rampant facing right' engraved by Hendrik Floris van Langeren; and the 'lion passant facing left', which was introduced by the engraver Hessel Gerritsz, who masterfully engraved it in copper.
The Netherlands, depicted as a lion originated with the Austrian Michael von Aitzing (c. 1530-98), who inserted in his book De Leone Belgico (1583) a Leo Belgicus map engraved by Frans Hogenberg. In the preface of this work, von Aitzing explains why he chose this particular title and inserted the lion map.
He explains that Caesar mentioned in his "Commentaries" that the 'Belgae' were the strongest tribes, and he, therefore, decided - partly because of the religious conflicts in the war against Spain - to introduce the Netherlands in the shape of a lion. References: Schilder 7, Van der Heijden, Leo Belgicus, 16.3 Schilder, Monumenta Cartographica Neerlandica, II, pp. 155-159.
1 Hessel Gerritsz: Nova XVII Provinciarum Germaniae Inferioris tabula Leonis effigie, accurate delineata, with the imprint Tot Amstelredam Bij Broer Ianss. en Iacob Pieterss. Wachter A0 1622. This is an unrecorded second (?) state of the Leo Belgicus map of Cornells Jansson (1611) [Tooley, MCS 7, 33 and plate X]
2 Theodore Galle: Gallia. Geographia Galliae descriptio, with Galle's Antwerp imprint, after Pieter Plancius,
3 Theodore Galle: Inferioris Germaniae Provinciarum nova descriptio,
4 Abraham Ortelius: Brabantiae, after Jacob van Deventer's map, without text, and with Galle's Antwerp imprint,
5 Gerard Mercator: Flandriae, without text, and with Galle's imprint,
6 Pieter Verbiest: Comitatus Zeelandiae . . . anno 1633, with the imprint Antverpiae Apud Petrum verbist sub signo Americae in platea quae vulgo Lombardorum moenia dictur,
7 Abraham Ortelius: Artois, after Jean Surhon, without text, and with Galle's imprint,
8 Abraham Ortelius: Nobilis Hanoniae comitatus descrip., after Jean Surhon, without text, with Galle's imprint,
9 Abraham Ortelius: Namurcum comitatus, also after Surhon, without, and with Galle's imprint,
10 Claes Janszoon Visscher: Caerte van t'Vrye . . . A0 1633, bearing only Visscher's imprint, but possibly issued by Galle,
11 Jan Baptist Vrients: Limburgensis Ducatus tabula nova, as issued in the Ortelius Theatrum, from 1603 onwards, without text or imprint,
12 Abraham Ortelius: Lutzenburgensis . . . descript, after Jean Surhon, without text, and with Galle's imprint,
13 David Fabritius: Nieuwe beschrijvinge van Oost en West Vrieslant, issued by Galle, with his imprint,
14 Abraham Ortelius: Lorraine. Lotharingiae nova descriptio, without text, no imprint except for that of Galle,
15 Abraham Ortelius: Gelriae, Cliviae. . . descriptio, after Christiaan 's Grooten, without text, and with Galle's imprint,
16 Gerard de Jode: Clivensis et Iuliacensis ducatuum, Trevirensis episcopatus, the two maps on one sheet, without text, no Galle imprint,
17 Gerard de Jode: Palatinatus Rheni, without text, this copy with the imprint of Galle, however,
18 Abraham Ortelius: Westphaliae . . . descriptio, after Christiaan's Grooten, without text or the Galle imprint.
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